Why did the flat Earth theory emerge? Is the Earth actually round or flat?
The idea of a global flat Earth does exist. A group of people conducted experiments to prove this theory, but it was scientifically incomplete so they concluded that the Earth is flat.
In addition, there are adherents of this theory who associate it with the Qur'an and its interpretations in a crude way in order to provide evidence that the Earth is flat.
But that (associating with the Qur'an) the meaning of a flat Earth, or the Earth being spread out in the Qur'an does not mean that the Earth is flat. Because, let's say the Earth is spread out, in the context there are indeed flat areas that are contrasted with mountains. But in another sense, the Earth is spread out in the sense that continental expansion or continent drift also occurs.
Back again regarding whether the Earth is flat or round, Djamal said that in terms of astronomical evidence and physical evidence, it is clear that the Earth is round.
Why round? What causes the Sun and the planets, the initial formation process was from gravity.
Gravity causes the material to solidify inward. Gravity makes the gaseous material that forms the stars in the Solar System, in this case the Sun, getting denser and hotter.
When the temperature reaches tens of millions of degrees, nuclear fusion reactions occur. At the edge of the Sun, the dust that formed the Solar System then agglomerated, condensed, and from its own gravity, then formed a spherical object.
So the 8 planets that currently exist are all spherical: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are all spherical. So it is impossible for the Earth to be flat alone. So self-gravity, that's what causes the Earth to be round.
The same thing happens on the Moon. According to astronomical theory, the Moon was formed from the fragments of the Earth when the Earth was hit by a large object, causing its material to eject and fall into orbit.
(Materials that make up the Moon) fall in the language of physics, free fall. It is motion caused by gravity so that it orbits the Earth and from its own gravity, the Moon is also spherical. So the Earth is spherical and from observations of space probes that go out or orbit the Earth, it is also proven that the Earth is round.