The Mariana Trench in the southern Pacific Ocean is the deepest trench on Earth. Thus, the Mariana Trench is also the sharpest point in the world.
Its maximum depth is 10,984 meters at the bottom which is referred to as the Challenger Deep. There are even other measurements that call it up to 11,034 kilometers deep.
If Mount Everest were placed in the trough, its peak could not reach the surface so deep and would still be under the sea for more than two kilometers.
At the bottom of this trench, the water pressure reaches 15,750psi or about a thousand times the standard pressure of the ocean. While the temperature is between one to 4 degrees Celsius.
Despite the extreme conditions of the Mariana Trench, there are some living things that are able to survive or live there. For example flatfish, fish as long as 30 cm, to shrimp.
Expeditions exploring the Mariana Trench have become increasingly popular in recent times, although very few humans have reached there. Last year, British astronaut Richard Garriott reached the Challenger Deep.
The first person to reach the deepest point of the Mariana Trench was Victor Vescovo. While the one who has gone to space and Challenger Deep is female astronaut Kathy Sullivan in August 2020.
Garriott at that time also boarded a sophisticated submarine that carried the two men, his name was Limiting Factor. This vehicle is designed to survive in the very deep oceans to the deepest point of the Earth and was developed by Vescovo.
"This submarine is going down so fast and so deep that it's completely dark outside just moments after launch and you feel like you've fallen into darkness for about 4 hours," he said last year.
The air temperature is getting deeper and colder. From the beginning it was quite warm on the surface of the ocean to become increasingly freezing. Meanwhile, even though it is very deep, there are still living things that exist.
"There is quite a lot of life at the deepest point of the Earth there. We see intermittently there are crustaceans several inches long hanging around the bottom," he added of the Mariana Trench.