Zakat fitrah is an act of worship which is obligatory or obligatory for Muslims. As is known, zakat fitrah is included in one of the pillars of Islam so that it is an obligation to be carried out by all Muslims.
The payment of zakat fitrah itself has provisions that must be understood, starting from the time, amount, intention and also the procedure. To find out, read on in full below!
Law and Time to Pay Zakat Fitrah
The law and timing of paying zakat fitrah has been explained in the Hadith narrated by Iman Bukhari and Imam Muslim. The hadith reads:
"From Ibn Umar radiyallahu 'anhu said, Rasulullah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has made it mandatory for zakat fitrah as much as one sa' of dates or one sha' of wheat, be it slaves, free people, men, women, small children and Muslim adults. And the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam ordered the zakat to be paid before people went out to pray Eid al-Fitr." (Narrated by Bukhari)
Not only that, there is another hadith of the Prophet SAW from Ibn Abbas Abbas radiallahu 'anhuma, he said:
The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam obligated zakat fitrah, as a cleanser for people who fast from all vain actions and dirty speech and as food for the poor. Whoever pays it before the Eid prayer will receive zakat, and whoever pays it after the Eid prayer will only become a normal charity. (Narrated by Abu Daud, Ad Daruquthni and authenticated by Al Albani)
From this it can be seen that zakat fitrah can be issued in the month of Ramadan and the latest time is before people finish praying Eid al-Fitr. Well, if it passes this time limit, it will be considered as an ordinary alms and not categorized as zakat.
Amount of Zakat Fitrah
Furthermore, regarding the amount of zakat fitrah itself, namely 1 sha 'of wheat and dates. When this quantity is converted to kilograms, it is equal to 2.5 kg. Meanwhile, if converted in liters, it is equivalent to 3.5 liters. Provisions for this measure should not be less but it is permissible if it is more.
The provisions of zakat fitrah are adjusted to the staple food in the place concerned. Given that in itself, rice is used as a staple food, usually zakat fitrah is given in the form of rice according to the previously mentioned dose.
How to Pay Zakat Fitrah
Zakat fitrah can be paid from the beginning of Ramadan until before the end of Eid prayers. But generally, the payment of zakat fitrah is often done 3 days before Eid. When giving zakat fitrah, it must be accompanied by the intention of zakat fitrah.
The intention of zakat fitrah is further divided according to the person who will fulfill it. In addition, zakat fitrah can also be represented. For example, representing zakat fitrah for babies who do not understand this. In addition, many also pay zakat fitrah together with other family members.
Intention of Zakat Fitrah
As mentioned earlier, the intention of zakat fitrah is distinguished according to the person who fulfills it. The following is the intention of zakat fitrah according to the person who fulfills it.
Intention to pay zakat fitrah for yourself
Nawaytu an ukhrija zakaata al-fitri 'an nafsi fardhan lillahi ta'ala
Meaning: "I intend to issue zakat fitrah for myself, fard for Allah Ta'ala."
Intention to pay zakat fitrah for wife
Nawaytu an ukhrija zakaata al-fitri 'an zaujati fardhan lillahi ta'ala
Meaning: "I intend to issue zakat fitrah for my wife, fard because of Allah Ta'ala."
Intention to pay zakat fitrah for boys
Nawaytu an ukhrija zakaata al-fitri 'an waladi fardhan lillahi ta'ala
Meaning: "I intend to pay zakat fitrah for my son.... (state the name), fardu because of Allah Ta'ala."
Intention to pay zakat fitrah for girls
Nawaytu an ukhrija zakaata al-fitri 'an bint fardhan lillahi ta'ala
Meaning: "I intend to issue zakat fitrah for my daughter…. (state name), fardu because of Allah Ta'ala."
Intention to pay zakat fitrah for yourself and family
Nawaytu an ukhrija zakaata al-fitri anni wa an jami'i ma yalzimuniy nafaqatuhum syar'an fardhan lillahi ta'ala
Meaning: "I intend to pay zakat fitrah for myself and all those whose livelihood is my responsibility, fardu because of Allah Ta'ala."
Intention to pay zakat fitrah for the person being represented
Nawaytu an ukhrija zakaata al-fitri 'an (……) fardhan lillahi ta'ala
It means: "I intend to issue zakat fitrah for... (specify name), fardu because of Allah Ta'ala."